Fibre to Fabric
Fibres :- The thin strands of thread that are made up of still thinner strands called fibres. Fabrics are made up of yarns and yarns are further made up of fibres.
Types of Fibres :-
(1)Natural Fibres:- The fibres of some fabrics such as cotton, jute, silk and wool are obtained from plants and animals. These are called natural fibres.
♦️For example:- Cotton and jute are obtained from plants. Wool and silk fibres are obtained from animals.
♦️️ Wool is obtained from the fleece of sheep or goat. It is also obtained from the hair of rabbits, yak and camels.
♦️ Silk fibre is drawn from the cocoon of silkworm.
(2) Synthetic Fibre :- Some fibres are made up from chemical substances, which are not obtained from plant or animal sources. For example:- Polyester, Nylon, Acrylic etc.
👉Cotton plants are usually grown at places having black soil and warm climate.
Ginning:- The process of separating cotton fibers (lint) from the seeds after the cotton balls are picked from the field is known as Ginning.
Jute:- It is obtained from the stem of the jute plant .It is cultivated
during the rainy season. In India, jute is mainly grown in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.
Thestems of the harvested Jute plants are immersed in water for a few days. The stems rot and fibres are separated by hand.
Spinning:- The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form a yarn. Device used for Spinning are:- Spindle,Charkha etc.
Weaving:- The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving.
Note:- To popularise and promote khadi, the Government of India constituted a body called “Khadi and Village Industries Commission” in 1956.
Knitting:- A single yarn gets pulled out continuously as the fabric gets unravelled. Socks and many other clothing items are made of knitted fabrics. Knitting is done by hand and also on machines.