Components of Food
👉Nutrients:- Components contained in Food are known as Nutrients. The major nutrients in our food are named carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
👉Iodine Solution ➖ Check Starch which is found in food as a carbohydrates ➖ Blue / Black Colour ( which indicates that it contains starch)
👉To check protein Copper sulphate + caustic Soda → food turns in violet colour which indicates that it contains protein.
👉Carbohydrates + Fat → Provide Energy
👉Food containing Fat and Carbohydrates is also known as Energy Giving Food
👉Fats give much more energy as compared to the same amount of carbohydrates.
👉Test For fat:- Take a small quantity of a food item.Wrap it in a piece of paper and crush it. An oily patch on paper shows that the food item contains fat.
👉Proteins are needed for the growth and repair of our body. Food containing Proteins known as bodybuilding foods.
Vitamins:- Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases. Vitamins also help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy. we need them in small amounts. Vitamins are of different kinds known by different names:-
Vitamin A keeps our skin and eyes healthy.
Vitamin C helps the body to fight against many diseases.
Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth.
Note:- Our body also prepares Vitamin D in the presence of sunlight.
Minerals:- Minerals are needed by our body in small amounts. Each one is essential for proper growth of the body and to maintain good health.
👉Rice is a “carbohydrate rich” source of food.
Dietary Fibre:-
Body needs dietary fibres and water. Dietary fibres are also known as roughage. Roughage is mainly provided by plant products in our foods. Whole grains and pulses, potatoes, fresh fruits and vegetables are the main sources of roughage. Roughage does not provide any nutrient to our body, but is an essential component of our food and adds to its bulk. This helps our body get rid of undigested food.
👉Balanced Diet:- Our diet should have all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities. Not too much of one and not too little of the other. The diet should also contain a good amount of roughage and water. Such a diet is called a balanced diet.
Deficiency Disease:- Deficiency of one or more nutrients in our food for a long time may cause certain diseases or disorders. All deficiency diseases can be prevented by taking a balanced diet.
| Vitamins/Minerals | Disorder(deficiency Disease) | Symptoms |
| Vitamin A | Loss of vision | Poor vision, Loss of vision in darkness, sometimes complete loss of vision |
| Vitamin B1 | Beriberi | Weak muscles |
| Vitamin C | Scurvy | Bleeding gums , Wounds take longer time to heal |
| Vitamin D | Rickets | Bones become soft and bent |
| Iron | Anemia | Weakness |
| Calcium | Bone and tooth decay | Weak bone, tooth decay |
| Iodine | Goitre | Glands in the neck appear swollen, mental disability in children |